The basis of the stack, referred to as the ‘quantum chip’, contains the qubits. We are investigating different types of approaches for this part of the stack: electron spins in quantum dots and superconducting quantum circuits. Also, we’re developing the system architecture that connects and translates quantum algorithms to the low-level pulses that operate on the qubits of quantum processors.
A major challenge is that quantum bits are extremely fragile and are perturbed by the slightest fluctuations in their surroundings. The way forward is to correct the resulting errors faster than they appear, a notion we call fault-tolerance. The approach to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing is based on quantum error correction.
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